Explanation Text

Explanation Text 

Hello everyone, welcome back to my blog! 

Explanatory text is a type of text that explains a phenomenon, process, or concept in a systematic and logical way.

Characteristics:

- Clear and simple language

- Systematic structure

- Examples and illustrations

Structure:

- Introduction

- Description

- Explanation

- Example

- Conclusion

Purpose:

- Explain concepts

- Help understand

- Inform

Part 1

Answer :

1. Tsunami happens because major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips

2. The impacts of Tsunami are disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

3. The disturbance of tsunami is that the ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

4. From the second paragraph we know that tsunami makes unfortunate event

5. The text mostly tells us about how and why tsunami happens.

Questions:

1. What does the text mostly talk about? 

Answer : The text mostly talks about earthquake.

2. What is paragraph 1 about?

Answer : Paragraph 1 is about the description of earthquake.

3. What do paragraph 2 and 3 discuss on?

Answer : Paragraph 2 is about how earthquake happens.

4. What does paragraph 4 tell us about?

Answer : Paragraph 4 is about the writer opinion toward earthquake.

5. What does the writer write the text for?

Answer : The writer writes the text to explain how and why an earthquake happens to the readers

6. What kind of tense does the text mostly use?

Answer : The text mostly uses present tense.

Practice 2

 Teks Eksplanasi 1:

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products. 

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process. 

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is new sprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again. 

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of waste paper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper). 

1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….

A. Precious metals

B. Broken glass

C. Old newspapers

D. Plastic spoons

E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling

B. It costs less to make new products

C. It requires less energy

D. It can reduce pollution

E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil

B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres 

E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again 

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing

the followings, EXCEPT….

A. Skim it off

B. Dry it

C. Reuse as ink

D. Burn as boiler fuel

E. Mix it with the pulp

Teks Eksplanasi 2

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion. The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

5. What is the text about?

A. The digestive system

B. The digestive juice

C. The method of the digestive system

D. The process of intestine work

E. The food substances

6. How can we swallow the food easily?

A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.

B. The food must be digested first through the process.

C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.

E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to

the places.

7. From the text above, we imply that ….

A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.

C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.

D. every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.

E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

8. Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1)

The phrase made up means ….

A. Produced

B. Managed

C. Arranged

D. Completed

E. Constructed

Teks Eksplanasi 3

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

9. The text is about ….

A. the cacao tree

B. the cacao beans

C. the raw chocolate

D. the making of chocolate

E. the flavour of chocolate

10. The third paragraph focuses on ….

A. the process of producing chocolate

B. how to produce the cocoa flavour

C. where chocolate comes from

D. the chocolate liquor

E. the cacao fruit

11. …so they are often sorted and blended to produce … (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted

has the closest meaning to ….

A. Arranged

B. Combined

C. Separated

D. Distributed

E. Organized

12. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

A. By fermenting the beans.

B. By roasting the beans

C. By blending the beans.

D. By sorting the beans.

E. By drying the beans

Teks Eksplanasi 4

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is the light used in photosynthesis? 

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

13. What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air …

A. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

B. Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

C. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

D. Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex) compounds essential for life.

E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

14. What are photosynthesis need ….

A. Water, light, oxygen, worm

B. Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human

C. Bug, air, oxigen, food

D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

E. Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

15. What the product of photosynthesis ….

A. Sugar

B. Food and O2

C. Root

D. Food

E. Branch

Part 2

Activity 3

Explanation Text: How a Rainbow is Formed

Introduction (General Statement)

A rainbow is one of nature's most beautiful and captivating phenomena, often seen as a magnificent arc of colors across the sky. This stunning optical and meteorological phenomenon typically appears after rain or when water droplets are present in the air, creating a breathtaking display that has fascinated humanity for centuries.

Explanation Sequence

The formation of a rainbow is caused by the interaction of sunlight with tiny water droplets in the atmosphere. For a rainbow to be visible, two main conditions must be met: sunlight shining brightly, and water droplets (from rain, mist, or spray) being present in the air.

First, as white sunlight enters a water droplet, it is refracted (bent) because light travels at different speeds in air and water. Much like a prism, the water droplet causes the white light to be broken down into its individual component colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This occurs because each color of light has a different wavelength and is bent at a slightly different angle.

Next, after the light has been refracted and separated into its spectrum, it is reflected off the inner back surface of the water droplet. This internal reflection sends the separated colors back towards the observer. Finally, as this now-separated and reflected light exits the water droplet, it is refracted a second time. This double refraction and single reflection process directs the light back to our eyes.

The iconic arc shape of a rainbow is created because each color is seen from a specific angle relative to the observer and the sun. Billions of water droplets are involved, with each droplet reflecting only one specific color of light at the precise angle for it to be perceived by an observer. For a rainbow to be observed, the sun must be positioned behind the observer, and the water droplets must be in front.

Conclusion (Interpretation)

Ultimately, a rainbow is a beautiful testament to the physics of light and water. It is formed entirely by the scattering, refraction, and reflection of sunlight through countless raindrops, offering a fleeting yet unforgettable display of nature's artistry. Its temporary presence serves as a reminder of the intricate processes constantly occurring in our atmosphere.

Activity 4

Part 3